Chapter 17

Daisy Alcaraz

History

Andrews

Chapter 17

In chapter seventeen, we get a look at what systems hold nations world wide and where they even started. Beginning in 1818 in Germany, where a philosopher by the name of Karl Marx was born. Sir Karl is now known as the father of socialism because of his book he wrote in 1848 with Friedrich Engels. In this book he advocated for a revolution of the proletariat ending class distinctions. As the father of socialism his main points that created socialism is for the political and economic theory of social organization. Where you would advocate the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the whole community. Another important figure during this time is the counterpart to socialism, capitalism. A man named Adam Smith is the scottish philosopher that advocated that an “invisible hand” would guild the marketplace when allowed to operate without the government regulation which later on would result in Adam to be referred to as the father of capitalism. Capitalism is an economic theory in which the factors of production are owned and operated by individuals; based on supply and demand, the profit motive, and the aka invisible hand. Other systems that shape nations today are systems like politics. With ideologies favoring the maximum individual freedom possible, especially as guaranteed by law and secured by governmental protection of civil liberties which is considered Liberal. The counterpart to the liberal is the conservative which ideas hold to traditional attitudes and values; cautious about change or innovation. Another counterpart to conservatives are radicals that advocate or are based on thorough or complete political or social change; representing or supporting an extreme or progressive section of the political party.