Present day Investment flow

https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-foreign-direct-investment-by-country/

Chapter 23

Daisy Alcaraz

History

Andrews

Chapter 23

After the first World War and the second and even  after the Cold war, nationals all over the world were beginning to feel like there would be some sort of peace. But like history likes to point out  that may not always be everyone's experience. While the bigger nations began to strive different forms of groups began to form as a result of a feeling of suppression by these superpower nations. Groups like Al - Qaeda an international organization of fundamentalist islamic militants, headed by Osama Bin Laden who was a wealthy Saudi Arabian who turned militant fundamentalist. Being key for funding when the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) came in and armed Mujahideen groups to fight the Soviet Union during the Soviet–Afghan War in 1989. But Afghanistan was not the only one at war, in 1992 Ethnic conflict got fuiled by genocide. Serbian forces committed horrific acts of ethnic cleansing against Muslims from Bosnia and Kosovo, killing or driving people who were not part of the main ethnic groups (christianity) from their homes. Aside from that there were some good movements like the Bretton Woods system named for a conference held in New Hampshire in 1944. This system provides the foundation for postwar economic globalization including World Bank and the International Monetary Fund based on the promotion of free trade, stable currencies and high levels of capital investment. Alongside with this movement came Rachel Carson an Environmental activist whose book Silent Spring  written in 1962 is credited with launching the American environmental movement. The environmental movement was a movement to preserve the natural world in the face of spiraling human ability to alter the world environment.

Chapter 22

Daisy Alcaraz

History

Andrews

Chapter 22

How much do you know about India? Well in the 1890s a movement begun called, “Servants of God” or the Khudai Khidmatgar which was founded by Abdul Ghaffar Khan in the Northwest Frontier Province of colonial India. He advocated throughout his life nonviolent social and political reforms based on Islamic Principles. Even with this inspiration of peace, India still fell a victim to the Amritsar Massacre in 1919, where British troops killed hundreds of innocent Indian Civilians for Ignoring a British Law that banned public meetings. Indians were not the only victims of the british justice system, for some time since the scramble for africa the the 53 countries had been living with some sort of separation that is why they then came together to form the African Union. A federation of these 53 african countries that worked together to deal with social, political, economic, and military problems in Africa. With this came the African National Congress which was a South African political party. This party got established in the 1912 by elite Africans who sought to win full acceptance in colonial society; it only gradually became a popular movement that came to control the government in 1994. Along with these african alliances came the abolishment of Apartheid in 1989 which was a policy of strict racial separation in south africa. Which was a problem near the Boers aka Afrikaners, which was a sector of the white population of South Africa that was descended from early Dutch Settlers. South Africa was also the home of the movement that fought to foster pride, unity, and political awareness among the country's African Majority and often resorted to violent protest against the white minority rule which was then known as the Black Consciousness Movement.

Chapter 21

Daisy Alcaraz

Andrews

History

Chapter 21

Russian Revolution which was needed by the Russian people as a way to get out of the first world war. The russian revolution was also a way to get out of the provisional government and dynasty. Which had been motivated by Lenin and the Bolsheviks. Which was a socialist party that took control of the Russia after the revolution that had made promises and had a charismatic leader to gain support. Following the lead of Lenin as the leader of the communist party in Russia was Stalin who killed off millions of his own people though he was regarded as a deity in his lifetime. After Stalin then came Nikita Khrushchev who was the leader of the soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cuban Missile Crisis was the Soviets and Americans way of making use of their shiny new nuclear toys while Russia used the revolutionary regime of Fidel Castro to expand communism. Not only was Nikita Khrushchev playing with the idea of a nuclear war with the USA but he was also the one to blame for the Great Terror or Great Purges. Which was his effort to chase down suspicions and get rid of revolutionaries. Which did not last long since Mikhail Gorbachev came in power in the 1985 which resulted in the end of the communist era and the cold war in 1991. Russia was not the only one to blame for the Great Terror since China also took part in the same form of punishment towards its people. Which had been sparked after their revolution in 1911.

Chapter 20

Daisy Alcaraz

History

Andrews

Chapter 20

The early 1900s was filled a lot tension that lead to the first World War in 1914 that lead to 1918. With fighting between the Allies which consisted of: Great Britain, France, Russia, and Italy who entered in 1915. Against the Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. Which finally came to an end with the Treaty of Versailles. This treaty was just one of the the reasons of peace between the Allied Powers and Germany. Which had some help from the U.S seeing that President Woodrow Wilson had developed Fourteen Points. Which was the fourteen goals of the US in the peace negotiation after the First World War. After this however the U.S had a long and severe recession in an economy or market that stretched from 1929 to 1939 known as the Great Depression. Which lead to the creation of the New Deal, which was a group of government programs and policies established by President Roosevelt in the 1930s. The policies were designed to improve conditions for the people suffering from the Great Depression. Not only was the U.S striving on new policies but on the other side of the world a wonderful system was being to take place. A system known as fascism which is an authoritarian and nationalistic right wing system of government and social organization that started to be strongly implemented in Italy. The fascist party that took place in Italy was founded by a man named Mussolini which was later known as a dictator. Another famous Dictator of this time was a german army general by the name of Adolf Hitler. He became a great german political leader of the twentieth century. He dreamed of creating a master race of pure Aryans, who would rule for a thousand years as the third German Empire of the Third Reich. Adolf created what is now known as Nazi Germany which was a member of the Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party, which controlled Germany from 1933 to 1945. Which advocated totalitarian government, territorial expansion, anti semitism, and Aryan supremacy, all these leading directly to the second World War and the Holocaust.

Chapter 19

Daisy Alcaraz

Andrews

History

Chapter 19

In chapter 19 we take a good look at China. Starting off by looking at Hong Xiuquan who lived between 1814 - 1864. He was a chinese religious leader who sparked the Taiping Uprising. The Taiping Uprising was a massive chinese rebellion that devastates much of the country between 1850 and the 1864. It was based on the millenarian teaching of Hong. He had won millions to his unique form of christianity, where he stated he was Jesus’s younger brother. He stated he had been sent to earth to establish a “heavenly kingdom of great peace”. But peace was hard to achieve in china since they had been dealing with the opium wars from 1839 - 1858. It was a total of two wars fought by western powers and china. Which started after china tried to restrict the importation of foreign goods, especially opium. China lost both wars and was forced to make major concessions later known as the unequal treaties. Since the western influence had caused china great disappointment, the self strengthening movement developed. Which was china's program of internal reform in the 1860s - 1870s. Which was based on the rigorous application of confucian principles and limited borrowing form the west. But this was not the end of the fighting, in the 1900s there was a boxer rebellion which was the rising of chinese militia organizations in the 1900 in which large numbers of Europeans and chinese christians were killed. With all this inthe 1911 the collapse of china's imperial order, at the hands of organized revolutionaries but for the most part under the weight of the troubles that had overwhelmed the government for the previous half-century. Since they had gotten dominated by the Western powers but managed to retain their own government and keep independence they were then referred to as an Informal empire

Chapter 18

Daisy Alcaraz

History

Andrews

Chapter 18

When we look at africa now it has not only several countries in it but they all are extremely different from each other. And that's because of the Scramble for Africa where European countries fought each other for rapid colonization of Africa, used both negotiation and military tactics to win the land. Where large portions were taken by france then followed by the britain and the rest of Africa was split by  in small parts by the others like the portuguese and the German. During this time we also developed ideologies that shaped the relationship between the invaders and the natives. Creating ideas like the European racism which begins to use scientific methods to back up why they should be in power, beliefs that the whites are generally just superior. Which lead to the Western Educated Elite, which is the ability for social mobility and interactions with the government. Africans and Asians who were literate were seen as a lot more valuable and often adopted elements of the western culture. Things like even the religions and belief systems. Created an africanization of christianity where they would merge christianity and african customs to be more appealing and to involve more mystical practices. Not just trying to adapt to the western culture but really feeling the change of the british control that included things like circumcision, the idea of marriage through christianity, and overall living a western lifestyle which later on began to be known as Wanijuku.